Tannins, ie tannic acid, are polyphenols and are much more acidic than phenol itself. The pka for one tannin is 4.4, which makes it more acidic that acetic acid (vinegar).
Tannic acid is a defensive mechanism used by plants against chewing insects. The acid is usually enough to deter or kill them. Tannic acid is easy to produce through metabolism, therefore, many plants use it as their main defence.
That is to say, tannic acid is protective for the plants from insects.
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